Saturday, February 25, 2012

What's the Place of Faith in Schools?

Link: http://www.religionandsociety.org.uk/faith_debates/faith_in_schools

Debate chaired by Charles Clarke and Linda Woodhead.

Podcast 1: Professor Linda Woodhead [Lancaster University, Director of the Religion and Society Programme] introduced the debate. Preceded by a welcome by Charles Clarke. 8.45

Podcast 2: Professor Robert Jackson [Director of the Warwick Religions and Education Research Unit, Warwick University] - improving religious education in human rights.  10.16

Podcast 3: Professor James Conroy [University of Glasgow] - what is happening to RE in schools is “a disaster for Britain”. 11.00

Podcast 4: Professor Richard Dawkins [author of The God Delusion], responding, - education about religion has value, but no child should ever be labelled by the faith of her parents. Introduced by Charles Clarke. 11.29

Podcast 5: The Rt Revd John Pritchard [Bishop of Oxford], responding, valued good RE and argued for proper recognition and resources. Introduced by Charles Clarke. 9.54

Podcast 6: Questions and comments from the audience, and responses by the panel. 52.09






Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Three minimum recommendations that all schools should be expected to meet, by Stephen Law

source: http://stephenlaw.blogspot.com/2010/03/what-sort-of-faith-schools-are.html

I attended this event in March 2010. The photo is mine.

Stephen Law says

'On Wednesday March 24th 2010 I had a debate with Peter Stanford, former editor of the Catholic Herald about faith schools, at the CFI event "What sort of faith schools are acceptable, if any?" in the Great Hall at Christ Church. A.C. Grayling was Chair and Richard Dawkins showed up too.

Peter (after several goes by me to get him to address the specific recommendations) agreed with my three minimum recommendations that all schools, faith or not, state funded or not, should be expected to meet:-


ONE. EVERY CHILD SHOULD BE CLEARLY TOLD THAT WHAT RELIGIOUS FAITH, IF ANY, THEY HAVE IS A MATTER OF THEIR OWN FREE CHOICE.

TWO. EVERY SCHOOL SHOULD EXPOSE CHILDREN TO A RANGE OF RELIGIOUS AND ALSO ATHEIST AND HUMANIST BELIEFS, EXPLAINED WHERE POSSIBLE BY THOSE WHO ACTUALLY HOLD THEM.

THREE. CHILDREN AT ALL SCHOOLS SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO THINK CRITICALLY AND INDEPENDENTLY ABOUT ALL RELIGIOUS AND MORAL BELIEFS AND VALUES.

More....

Religious indoctrination of children by John Duff

A short paper arguing against the religious indoctrination of children:

John Duff argues against religious indoctrination of children. On the last page he suggests that USA public schools should teach RE, comparing the roots of various religions and examing them so 'the negative aspects of religious ideology would slowly dissipate'.

Like we try to do in Dorset.

I quote from selected passages

"In America, where nearly nine in ten people identify with some sort of religion and 78% of the population adhere to some form of Christianity (Newport), there is an exploitation of children that is ignored by the majority: religious indoctrination. The indoctrination of any religious dogma is immoral and abusive.

Such dogma, original or not, is unproven by empirical evidence and to adhere to it "is a matter of faith rather than knowledge" (Hand Philos. 93-94). To educate a child in any field, one must either compliment their reason with empirical evidence or indoctrinate them. Religious ideology cannot be confirmed with "rationally decisive evidence" so a child's reason must be dodged in order to "psychologically" force these beliefs upon them (Hand Relig. 550). Therefore knowing that "all religious propositions are doubtful in this sense is sufficient to indicate that teaching for belief in them is always indoctrination" (Snook 74).
Religious indoctrination is a major contributor to the rampant problem of prejudice in the world; a well known example is homophobia and misogyny (Balkin, Schiosser, and Levitt 421)

Children should not be exposed to this cycle of ignorance. 

Down through history, the Church has practiced religious intolerance and can be found in the writings of early church fathers and leaders. The Roman Emperor Constantine I, who declared Christianity the official religion of Rome in 321 CE, supported the anti-Semitic stance of the church by stating "Let us then have nothing in common with the detestable Jewish crowd; for we have received from our Saviour a different way" (Pamphilus III, XVIII). This type of hatred has prevailed, and children do not deserve to be misinformed with this type of favoritism. Along with prejudice, indoctrination will have an effect on the cognitive and behavioral development of a child by teaching for belief in irrational doctrines and ideologies. In Christianity, according to Hanna and Meyer, children are taught to pray to an omniscient, moody, god who is also all powerful and ubiquitous. Children are taught to pray to this powerful god in hopes of obtaining answers when nobody else can be relied on or trusted. Beliefs of this nature will promote anxiety as children are taught that in order to escape punishment; one must obey god's laws. The cognitive problems arise with the belief in a contradictory, authoritative, supernatural force that can be good, bad, abusive or kind depending on the compliance of extremely ambiguous tenets. 

By taking a child's objectiveness and building a partition of ideology down their field of reason is fiercely abusive and, by doing so, the child's ability to rationalize as a free thinker has been suppressed (Wilson, Williams, and Sugarman 174-175). 

Pseudoscience also plays a major factor in the indoctrination of Christian dogma. For example, ancient mythological stories like a worldwide flood or a 6,000 year old Earth are taken literally by many Christians today. In a study taken from a Gallup poll, conducted in 2005 by Darren Carlson, 76% of Americans said "they would not be upset if creationism was taught in school". The belief that the Earth was created by a supernatural being, in its present state, is known as creationism or intelligent design. This widespread belief is also taught to children as an alternative to the empirical and verifiable scientific theories which play a major role in our everyday lives (Northwest). Furthermore, children who are indoctrinated with pseudoscience will also be put at a health risk by being taught that prayer or unlicensed medical attention is a means of curing diseases. In certain sects, people are encouraged "to seek outside assistance" by "asking for prayers and other rituals from clergy, relatives, and other church members". 

This epidemic of unawareness is a result of religious indoctrination and the vicious cycle needs to end. Encouraging pseudoscience, like creation mythology or superstitious practices, as reliable, is indoctrination and society can absolutely survive without it. Research has shown that the immorality of exposing a child to religious training incorporates prejudice, ethnocentrism, cognitive regulation, deceitfulness, and pseudo-science. But on the other side of the coin, religious training can provide a sense of community in which the child will make friends, have mentors, and carry on the family tradition (First Comm.).
Religion is a worldwide phenomenon that cannot be ignored, and sadly children will continually be forced to inherit the ignorance of their parents. Because of this fact, religion must be carefully examined and exposed to children but in a systematic setting. If the public school system offered a religious education class as an elective, the negative aspects of religious ideology would slowly dissipate. This type of equitable class could expose students to every extant religion of the world and the beliefs involved with each. Children could also be taught the historic roots of each religion and the comparative features of all which would include mythology as an understanding of how stories were relayed in ancient times and the role mythology plays in religion. A religious education class, as described above, would eventually strengthen our country, and world, by putting an end to the enmity that is all too common today. The United States of America needs to ditch the Bronze Age mind set, and make this 21st century transition one for the history books. "

Wednesday, December 7, 2011

How children should be taught in schools - AC Grayling

A.C.Grayling, British Humanist Association 2010 AGM.





Is inculcating beliefs in children moral? The Jesuits - "Give me the child till the age of seven and I will show you the man." (10m). Spartans inculcated boys to be soldiers. (16m) Is inculcating school ethos moral? Should children be taught that deities are real and do these children then rely on imaginary gods to solve their problems during a later life crisis?


How should children be taught? 'Dissenting Academies' taught children to think critically, take nothing on authority or trust, investigate evidence yourself (19m). 


Do children think about religious belief? Do school friends go to hell because they have different religious or non-religious beliefs? (23m) 

Thursday, December 1, 2011

AC Grayling on religion in education & why he does not subscribe to religious beliefs

In A.C. Grayling, To Set Prometheus Free, 2009, Chapter 2 Grayling says that he does not subscribe to a super-naturalistic worldview but instead a naturalistic worldview (page 31).


'If there is one practical move I would advocate towards diminishing the place of religion in human affairs, it is shriving education of it: that is the key to a better future.'
A.C. Grayling, To Set Prometheus Free, 2009, Oberon Books Ltd, London, Chapter 2, p. 52

Thursday, November 24, 2011

British Humanist Association Education Policy 2011

source: British Humanist Association, Group Representatives Annual Meeting 2011

3. Education

We are interested in education for three reasons:

  • we aim for the UK to be secular state with no privilege or discrimination on grounds of religion or belief. The continuing religious discrimination in our state school system is therefore a concern for us
  • we aim for Humanism to be better understood as an ethical and fulfilling non-religious approach to life and so we have an interest in ensuring that it features on the school curriculum, especially since religions do
  • most humanists see education as a vital process and have been rich contributors to both the philosophy and practice of education. We have an interest in promoting better education that will meet these aspirations because we promote humanist perspectives in public debate and policy
We concentrate on laws and policies that are discriminatory and violate principles of human rights or equality in state-funded schools or on matters where we have a distinctive humanist view. For example we work for:

  • an end to religious discrimination in school admissions
  • an end to religious discrimination in school employment
  • progressive reform of the school curriculum
  • inclusive assemblies in place of mandatory religious worship
Some of the issues we work on are specific to state-funded religious schools (‘faith’ schools) while others apply to education generally but are exacerbated in ‘faith’ schools. Because of this, we also work generally for an end to the expansion of faith schools and the reform of those that already exist into inclusive schools.

a. School Curriculum

One of our aims is to promote a humanist perspective on public policy issues. Many humanists have had a profound interest in education and so the school curriculum has naturally been a focus for us. In practice, we concentrate on aspects of the curriculum where the humanist voice is excluded or weak or where others are actively promoting policies at odds with our principles.

Beliefs and Values Education (‘Religious Education’)

We believe that all pupils in all types of school should have the opportunity to consider philosophical and fundamental questions, and that in an open society we should learn about each other’s beliefs, including humanist ones. We want a subject on the curriculum which helps young people to form and explore their own beliefs and develop an understanding of the beliefs and values different from their own; enriches pupils’ knowledge of the religious and humanist heritage of humanity and so supports other subjects such as History, English Literature, Art, Music, and Geography; allows pupils to engage with serious ethical and philosophical questions in a way that develops important skills of critical thinking, reasoning and inquiry.

The usual contemporary justifications for the subject of ‘Religious Education’ (‘RE’) in the school curriculum – its contribution to social cohesion and mutual understanding, its presentation of a range of answers to questions of meaning and purpose, and its role in the search for personal identity and values – can best be served by including humanist perspectives and non-religious students.

We therefore work for reform of the current subject of ‘Religious Education’ so that it will become an inclusive, impartial, objective, fair, balanced and relevant subject allowing pupils to explore a variety of religions and non-religious worldviews, sitting aside other Humanities subjects in the curriculum and with the same status as them. We want this subject to be a national entitlement for all pupils and not, as currently, drawn up on a local basis by each individual local authority.

In practice, our work in RE focuses on ensuring non-religious perspectives are included (e.g. atheism taught about clearly when beliefs about god are being taught, and Humanism taught about as a non-religious approach to life) and opposing any confessional teaching in state schools, where pupils are instructed in a particular religion and denied their entitlement to a balanced and objective syllabus.

At present in most schools RE is (meant to be) given according to a syllabus locally agreed by an Agreed Syllabus Conference comprising committees representing the Church of England, other religions and denominations, the teachers and the local authority. We want this antiquated system abolished and prefer a national syllabus drawn up by educational and other experts. Until such reform is achieved, we want humanists to be admitted as full members of these Conferences and Humanism to feature on the syllabuses.

We are willing to see the parallel bodies, the local Standing Advisory Councils on Religious Education, continue as a channel for consultation between teachers and local religion and belief communities and want to see humanists included equally with religious people on these bodies, as many increasingly are.

Monday, November 7, 2011

'Inclusion in a syllabus is just a beginning' - Margaret Nelson


Three good ideas from humanist Margaret Nelson at Suffolk SACRE (BHA Private Forum February 2010)

1) Our county RE advisor invites a different RE teacher to every SACRE meeting, to talk about his or her approach to the subject. 
2) send every high school in the county a copy of  Humanist Perspectives 2 with a covering letter
3) Humanists join Inter-Faith group

Margaret says:-

'Although there was no problem about including humanism and secular world views in the Suffolk RE syllabus, there's still a problem about ensuring that they're being properly taught.

Our county RE advisor invites a different RE teacher to every SACRE meeting, to talk about his or her approach to the subject.

On several occasions, one has spoken for 10 or 15 minutes without mentioning humanism, and I have asked why not. The reasons they gave varied a little, but all seemed to boil down to ignorance; one teacher said that he didn't know enough about humanism, another said she hadn't got around to it yet.

Several schools have tried to get round the problem of covering humanism and some of the religions they don't know about by inviting me and/or a group of speakers from Suffolk Inter-Faith Resource to a half-day or all day session - I've got one in a couple of weeks. This is all very well, but not something that the advisor approves of. It means that the teachers are saved the bother of actually doing any research, while allowing them to tick a box.

Last September, thanks to a generous donation from one of our members, Suffolk Humanists & Secularists sent every high school in the county a copy of  Humanist Perspectives 2 with a covering letter, as follows:
_________

Dear RE teacher,

I’m a member of Suffolk’s Standing Advisory Council for Religious Education (SACRE). I helped to devise the RE syllabus that was introduced in September 2007.

I’m also a Humanist speaker who visits schools to talk about Humanism and related subjects in RE and at school conferences and assemblies, sometimes through Suffolk Inter-Faith Resource – I’m a SIFRE tutor.

I’ve heard some RE teachers say that they haven’t got around to including Humanism and atheistic, non-theistic or naturalistic world views in their lessons (described in the syllabus as “secular world views”) because they don’t know much about them.

I hope that this copy of Humanist Perspectives from the British Humanist Association, a gift from Suffolk Humanists & Secularists, will help RE teachers.

The population of Suffolk is about 668,500. We know from various research projects that about a third of the population isn’t religious and that a majority of secondary school students would describe themselves as atheist or agnostic, while an Ipsos MORI poll conducted for the British Humanist Association in 2006 showed that about 10% of the population is broadly Humanist in outlook. We estimate that about 66,800 people in Suffolk – the largest group, in terms of beliefs – could be described as Humanist in outlook. This means that a significant proportion of your students won’t have a religious faith and are less likely to have one than their parents or grandparents. In my experience, these young people are no less moral in their outlook than their peers, or less interested in the big questions in life than religious people might be. In fact, I’ve found that many of these young people are passionately concerned about the sort of issues that you might cover in RE lessons. It’s important that they have an opportunity to explore alternatives to religion.

I’m enclosing an information sheet with some useful URLs. If there’s anything else you’d like to know, please don’t hesitate to get in touch. My phone number is xx, or you can email me – xxx

Wishing you a successful and interesting new term,

Yours sincerely,

Margaret Nelson'